Iyini i-Pu Foam eyenziwe ngayo?

I-Pu foam, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyurethane foam, iyinto eguquguqukayo esetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, ukusuka ekufakweni nasekupakishweni kuye ifenisha nezicathulo. Kodwa wake wazibuza ukuthi i-pu foam yenziwe ngani? Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ngokujulile izakhi ezenza i-pu foam nokuthi zihlangana kanjani ukuze zenze le nto ewusizo.

Izisekelo ze-PU Foam

Igwebu le-polyurethane wuhlobo lwe-polymer olwakhiwe ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: i-polyol ne-isocyanate. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zihlangene phambi kwe-ejenti evuthelayo, esiza ukudala i-foam ngesakhiwo seselula. I-ejenti efuthayo ikhiqiza amabhamuza egesi avaleleke ngaphakathi kwe-polymer matrix, enikeza igwebu izici zalo ezingasindi kanye nezokugoba.

I-Polyol uhlobo lotshwala oluqukethe amaqembu amaningi e-hydroxyl, asabela ne-isocyanate ukuze akhe ukuxhumana kwe-urethane. I-Isocyanate, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyinhlanganisela equkethe iqembu elilodwa noma ngaphezulu elisebenzayo le-isocyanate. Uma i-polyol ne-isocyanate ixutshwa ndawonye, ibhekana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okwaziwa ngokuthi i-polymerization, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwe-polyurethane polymer.

I-ejenti efuthayo, ngokuvamile ewuketshezi olushintshashintshayo noma igesi, isiza ekwandiseni i-polymer matrix futhi idale isakhiwo segwebu. Uma i-foam yakhiwe, ivunyelwe ukuphulukisa nokuqinisa, okuholela ekutheni kube yinto ehlala njalo futhi eguquguqukayo engasetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.

Izingxenye ze-PU Foam

Igwebu le-polyurethane lenziwe ngezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ngayinye yazo edlala indima ebalulekile ezakhiweni zezinto zokugcina. Lezi zingxenye zifaka i-polyol, i-isocyanate, i-ejenti efuthayo, ama-catalysts, ama-surfactants, nama-flame retardants.

I-Polyol: I-Polyol ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko ze-pu foam, ehlinzeka ngomgogodla wesakhiwo se-polymer. Ama-Polyols angathathwa emithonjeni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa amakhemikhali asekelwe ku-petroleum, izinto ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, namapulasitiki agaywe kabusha. Ukukhethwa kwe-polyol kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezimpahleni zegwebu, njengokuqina kwayo, ubulukhuni, nokuguquguquka.

I-Isocyanate: I-Isocyanate ingenye ingxenye eyinhloko ye-pu foam, ehlangana ne-polyol ukuze yakhe i-polyurethane polymer. Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-isocyanate ezingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-pu foam, ngayinye inezindawo zayo eziyingqayizivele nezici zokusebenza. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-isocyanate zifaka i-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) ne-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI).

I-ejenti yokuvuthela: I-ejenti efuthayo yengezwa kungxube ye-polyol ne-isocyanate ukuze kwakhiwe isakhiwo segwebu. Izinto ezifuthayo zingaba okomzimba noma amakhemikhali ngokwemvelo, ngezinto eziphefumulayo ezifana ne-carbon dioxide ne-nitrogen edala amabhamuza egesi ngokunwetshwa, kuyilapho izinto ezifutha amakhemikhali zikhipha amagesi ngokusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ukukhethwa kwe-ejenti yokufutha kungathinta ukuminyana, usayizi weseli, kanye nezakhiwo zokufakwa kwegwebu.

Ama-Catalysts: Ama-Catalysts ayizithasiselo ezisiza ukusheshisa ukusabela phakathi kwe-polyol ne-isocyanate, okuvumela igwebu ukuthi liphuluke ngokushesha. Ama-Catalyst angaphinde abe nomthelela ezintweni zokugcina zegwebu, njengokuqina kwalo, ukuguquguquka, nokumelana nokushisa. Ama-catalyst ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-pu foam ahlanganisa ama-amine compounds nama-catalysts asekelwe ku-tin.

Ama-surfactants: Ama-surfactants engezwa kungxube ye-polyol ne-isocyanate ukusiza ukuzinzisa isakhiwo segwebu nokulawula usayizi nokusabalalisa kwamabhamuza egesi. Ama-surfactants anciphisa ukungezwani kwendawo phakathi kwamabhamuza egesi kanye ne-polymer matrix, ukuwavimbela ekuhlanganeni nasekuweni. Lokhu kubangela igwebu elinesakhiwo seseli esifanayo kanye nezakhiwo ezingaguquki.

Izinqamuleli zamalangabi: Izinqamuleli zamalangabi ziyizithasiselo ezifakwe ku-pu foam ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nomlilo futhi kunciphise ingozi yokusha. Amalangabi asebenza ngokunciphisa ukuvutha kwegwebu futhi anciphise ukusakazeka kwamalangabi uma kwenzeka umlilo. Ama-retardants amalangabi ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-pu Foam afaka ama-halogenated compounds, ama-phosphorus-based compounds, nama-inorganic fillers.

Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo

Nakuba i-pu foam iyinto eguquguqukayo futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi, kukhona ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kwayo. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ukuthembela kumakhemikhali asekelwe ku-petroleum njengezinto ezingavuthiwe, ezinomthelela ekungcolisweni kwekhabhoni nasekusetshenzisweni kukaphethiloli. Kodwa-ke, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa imithombo esimeme kakhudlwana yama-polyols, njengezinto ezisekelwe ezitshalweni namapulasitiki agaywe kabusha.

Enye inkinga ukulahlwa kukadoti we-pu Foam, okungaba nzima ukuwusebenzisa kabusha ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nengqalasizinda elinganiselwe yokugaywa kabusha. Ngenxa yalokho, udoti omningi we-pu Foam uphelela ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu, lapho kungathatha amakhulu eminyaka ukuwohloka kwemvelo. Ukubhekana nalolu daba, abacwaningi bahlola izindlela ezintsha zokuvuselela kabusha i-pu foam, njengezinqubo zokuphinda zigaywe ngamakhemikhali ezephula igwebu libe yizingxenye zalo zangempela ukuze ziphinde zisetshenziswe.

Sengiphetha, i-pu foam iwumsebenzi oguquguqukayo owakhiwe inhlanganisela ye-polyol, isocyanate, i-ejenti efuthayo, ama-catalysts, ama-surfactants, nama-flame retardants. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze igwebu elinezici eziyingqayizivele, ezifana nesisindo esincane, esivumelana nezimo, kanye ne-cushioning. Nakuba kunokucatshangelwa kwemvelo okuhlotshaniswa nokukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kwe-pu foam, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nemizamo yokuthuthukisa igxile ekudaleni ezinye izindlela ezisimeme futhi ezivumelana nemvelo.